A cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi kamar sabbin makamashi, injiniyan wutar lantarki da kuma kula da masana'antu, yin amfani da wutar lantarki shine babban tsari don tabbatar da haɗin lantarki mai aminci. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa kashi 35% na gobarar lantarki suna faruwa ne sakamakon rashin haɗin wutar lantarki ko rashin kyawun haɗin wutar lantarki. A matsayin babban ma'auni na tsarin yin amfani da wutar lantarki, rabon matsi kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ƙarfin injina da kuma ikon amfani da wutar lantarki na haɗin. Wannan labarin ya yi bayani dalla-dalla kan mafi kyawun kewayon matsi, dabarar lissafi, abubuwan da ke tasiri da mahimman abubuwan aiki don yin amfani da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, wanda za a iya aiwatar da shi nan take.
I. Menene Rabon Matsi? Fara fahimtar ainihin ma'anarsa
Rabon matsi (wanda kuma aka sani da ƙimar matsi ko ƙimar matsi) yana auna rabon canji na yankin giciye-sashe na mai jagora kafin da kuma bayan matsi, yana nuna matsewar daidaitawa tsakanin masu jagoranci da tashoshi. Akwai manyan hanyoyin lissafi guda biyu a masana'antar.
USCAR-21 (Ana amfani da shi sosai a filayen motoci da wutar lantarki, ƙimar matsi)
Rabon Matsi (%) = 100×(1 - Yankin giciye na mai gudanarwa bayan an yi gyara / Yankin giciye na mai gudanarwa kafin a yi gyara)
Misali: Mai sarrafa 50mm² kafin yin kumfa yana rage yankin giciye da kashi 20% bayan yin kumfa, tare da rabon matsi na kashi 20%.
VW 60330 (Ana amfani da shi sosai a ma'aunin Jamus da filayen masana'antu, rabon ma'auni)
Rabon Matsi (%) = Mai Gudanar da yankin giciye bayan yin kumfa / Mai gudanar da yanki na giciye kafin yin kumfa × 100%
Misali: Idan yankin mai riƙe da bayan an yi amfani da shi ya kai kashi 80% na yankin asali, rabon matsi shine kashi 80%.
II. Mafi kyawun Matsakaicin Matsi don Yin Tsalle-tsalle na Tashar Mai Yawan Yanzu
Babban buƙatun don aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi (masu amfani da jan ƙarfe, 6–400mm²): ƙarancin juriya ga hulɗa, ƙarfin jan ƙarfe mai yawa, kyakkyawan juriya ga zafin jiki da juriya ga girgiza. Jerin da suka dace sun bambanta dangane da kayan aiki da yanayin aiki.
1. Masu amfani da jan ƙarfe (wanda aka fi amfani da shi a sabbin masana'antun makamashi, wutar lantarki da sarrafa masana'antu)
Matsakaicin iyaka mafi kyau na gaba ɗaya: 15%–25% (ƙimar matsi) / 75%–85% (rabon matsi)
Yanayin da aka raba:
Babban wutar lantarki na yau da kullun (6-95mm²): Matsakaicin matsi na 18%–22%, daidaita juriya da ƙarfi.
Babban wutar lantarki (120–400mm²): Rabon matsi 22%–25%. Ana buƙatar matsin lamba mai yawa don karya layukan oxide.
Girgizar mita mai yawa (sabbin motocin makamashi / locomotives): rabon matsi na 15%–20%, yana hana karyewar igiyar waya daga matsi mai yawa.
2. Mai sarrafa aluminum (kebul na wutar lantarki / sandar bus)
Aluminum yana da saurin kamuwa da iskar shaka kuma ba shi da ƙarfi sosai. Ana buƙatar mafi girman rabon matsi don karya fim ɗin oxide: rabon matsi 30%–50%, rabon matsi 50%–70%
3. Nassoshi na Ma'aunin Masana'antu
Tsarin Ƙasa na GB/T 14315-2008: Rabon matsewa na kebul na wutar lantarki 20%-30%
IEC 60352-2: Rabon matsi mara solder 15%–25%
USCAR-21 (Ma'aunin Mota): Rabon matsi 15%–20%, rabon void＜10%
III. Sakamakon Matsakaicin Matsi Mai Girma ko Ƙaranci
✅ Rage yawan matsi (<15%)
Daidaito tsakanin na'urar jagora da tashar, ƙaruwar juriyar hulɗa mai ƙarfi. Ana samun zafi mai tsanani a ƙarƙashin babban wutar lantarki tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da 50℃.
Rashin isasshen ƙarfin fitar da iska, ƙasa da kashi 80% na ƙimar da aka saba amfani da ita, yana iya sassautawa da faɗuwa ƙarƙashin girgiza.
Manyan gibi suna ba da damar shiga danshi da ƙura, wanda ke hanzarta iskar shaka da tsatsa.
✅ Matsakaicin matsi mai yawa (>30%)
Nakasa ko ma karyewar igiyar waya ta jan ƙarfe, raguwar ƙarfin ɗaukar wutar lantarki.
Fashewar bango da nakasa wanda ke haifar da asarar ƙarfin injina.
Yawan damuwa a cikin gida yana haifar da tsagewa a ƙarƙashin faɗaɗa da matsewar zafi na dogon lokaci.
IV. Muhimman Abubuwa Uku da ke Nuna Daidaiton Matsi
1. Kayan jagora
Tagulla: Kyakkyawan sassauci, rabon matsi 15%-25%
Aluminum: Layer mai ƙarfi na oxide, rabon matsi 30%-50%
Aluminum mai lulluɓe da jan ƙarfe: Matsakaicin kewayon, rabon matsi 20%-30%
2. Nau'in Tashar
Tashar bututu (OT/UT): Rabon matsi 18%–22%, an fi son manne mai siffar hexagon
Tashar buɗewa (SC): Rabon matsi na 20%–25%, ana buƙatar ƙaramin gefen buɗewa
Sabuwar tashar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi (LV): rabon matsi 15%–20%, ƙirar hana karyewar igiya
3. Kayan aikin crimping da dies
Liyafa mai kauri ta amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa (16-24t): Ya dace da girman 6-400mm², matsakaicin matsi 20%-25%
Murfin hexagon: Damuwa iri ɗaya, kuskuren matsi＜±2%, zaɓin da aka fi so
Madaurin zagaye: Don sauƙin amfani kawai, babban kuskure ±5%, ba a ba da shawarar ga babban wutar lantarki ba
V. Aiki Mai Amfani: Kula da Rabon Matsi & Duba Inganci
1. Tsarin Kulawa Mai Daidaito
Daidaitawar bayanai: Tashoshin daidaitawa, ma'aunin wuta da kuma sassan kebul ɗaya-da-ɗaya
Maganin cirewa: Tsawon cirewa daidai yake da zurfin ferule da 1-2mm, yana kiyaye zare ba tare da iskar shaka ko ƙura ba
Man shafawa mai amfani da wutar lantarki: A shafa man shafawa mai hade a kan masu sarrafa jan karfe da kuma man shafawa na musamman a kan masu sarrafa aluminum don cire fim din oxide
Aikin yin kumfa: Saka jagora gaba ɗaya, matsi zuwa ƙimar da aka kimanta, riƙe matsin lamba na daƙiƙa 3-5, matse matsayi 2-3
Tabbatar da matsi: Auna diamita na waje bayan an yi matsewa, kuskuren rabon iko a cikin ± 2%
2. Sharuɗɗan Duba Inganci na Dole
Bayyanar: Babu tsagewa, kumburi ko masu tuƙi da aka fallasa, kuma babu wani lungu da aka shigar
Girma: Bambancin diamita na waje ≤±5%, rabon matsi a cikin takamaiman kewayon
Na'urar lantarki: Juriyar hulɗa ≤1.1 sau na mai jagoran tsayi daidai, hauhawar zafin jiki ≤30℃ bayan gwajin babban halin yanzu na awa 1
Inji: Ƙarfin ja ya cika daidai gwargwado (mai riƙe da madauri ≥80N), babu sassautawa ko karyewar zare
VI. Takaitawa: Muhimman Figures na Yin Kutse Mai Yawan Wutar Lantarki
Jagoran jan ƙarfe (6–400mm²): Matsakaicin matsi mafi kyau 18%–22%, rabon matsi 78%–82%
Mai sarrafa aluminum: Rabon matsi 30%–50%
Babban ƙa'ida: A guji yin amfani da na'urar da ba ta da isasshen ƙarfi ko kuma ta wuce gona da iri. Na'urar da ke haɗa na'urori, cikakken iko da kuma cikakken bincike don kawar da haɗarin haɗin da ba ya aiki.
AMASS Mai haɗa wutar lantarki mai girma yana amfani da tashar da za ta iya taimaka maka wajen kiyaye haɗin kai mai karko a cikin yanayin aikace-aikace kamar girgiza mai ƙarfi, tasirin zafi mai yawa da ƙasa mai maimaitawa, ƙaramin girma, da babban wutar lantarki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-25-2026